Тарифы

Калькулятор единичного вектора

Этот калькулятор делит вектор на его длину и даёт единичный вектор того же направления — например, ⟨3, 4⟩ превращается в ⟨3/5, 4/5⟩. Работает с векторами 2D, 3D и 4D, даёт точные ответы (с упрощёнными корнями) и проверяет, что длина результата равна 1.

Компоненты через запятую — 2, 3 или 4

Результат

Введите значения и нажмите «Вычислить», чтобы увидеть результат.

Формула

v^=v∥v∥\hat{\mathbf{v}} = \frac{\mathbf{v}}{\lVert \mathbf{v} \rVert}

Divide each component by the magnitude of the vector.

∥⟨a,b,c⟩∥=a2+b2+c2\lVert \langle a, b, c \rangle \rVert = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2 + c^2}

The magnitude (length) of a vector, by Pythagoras.

Как пользоваться этим калькулятором

  1. Type the components of the vector separated by commas, such as 3, 4 or 1, 2, 2. Fractions and decimals work too.
  2. Press Calculate to get the unit vector, its decimals, and the magnitude of the original vector.
  3. The steps show the magnitude found by Pythagoras, then each component divided by it.

Разобранные примеры

Easy: a 2D vector

|v| = √(3² + 4²) = √25 = 5.

Divide each component by 5: ⟨3/5, 4/5⟩.

Medium: a 3D vector

|v| = √(1 + 4 + 4) = 3.

The unit vector is ⟨1/3, 2/3, 2/3⟩.

Hard: a square root in the magnitude

|v| = √(4 + 1) = √5.

Divide and rationalise: 2/√5 = 2√5/5 and −1/√5 = −√5/5.

Unit vector ≈ ⟨0.894427, −0.447214⟩.

Частые ошибки

  • Forgetting to square the negative components: (−1)² is 1, not −1.
  • Dividing by the sum of the components instead of the magnitude.
  • Trying to normalise the zero vector — it has no direction, so it has no unit vector.
  • Rounding the magnitude before dividing; keep √5 exact until the end.

Частые вопросы

What is a unit vector?

A vector of length 1. It keeps only the direction of the original vector, which is why it is used to describe directions.

How do I find the unit vector of a vector?

Find its magnitude with Pythagoras, √(a² + b² + c²), then divide every component by that magnitude.

How do I check a unit vector?

Square its components and add them: the total must be exactly 1. The calculator does this check automatically.